Testicular Cancer Awareness Month 2024: Risk factors men should know

Testicular Cancer: Know the Risks and How to Check Yourself

Testicular cancer is a relatively uncommon cancer, but it's important to be aware of it. This information is for educational purposes only and doesn't replace consulting a doctor.

What is Testicular Cancer?

Testicular cancer arises from the testicles. It makes up about 1% of all adult cancers in men and around 5% of urological tumors. The good news is that it's highly treatable when caught early.

Who is at Risk?

Several factors can increase a man's risk of testicular cancer. Here are the main ones:

• Undescended testicles (cryptorchidism): If one or both testicles haven't descended into the scrotum by birth, the risk is higher. Early surgery (orchidopexy) can significantly reduce this risk.
• Family history: Having a father or brother with testicular cancer increases your risk.
• Race: White men are more likely to develop testicular cancer than men of other races.
• Previous testicular cancer: Men who have had testicular cancer in one testicle have a higher risk of developing it in the other.
• A precancerous condition: A condition called germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) can increase the risk of developing testicular cancer.

Signs and Symptoms

The most common symptom of testicular cancer is a painless lump in the testicle. However, other symptoms can occur, including:

• Swelling or heaviness in the scrotum
• A dull ache or pain in the scrotum or lower abdomen
• A change in the size or feel of a testicle
• Breast enlargement (gynecomastia)

Testicular Self-Examination

Early detection is crucial for successful treatment. Here's how to perform a testicular self-examination:

1. Do it during a warm shower. This relaxes the scrotum, making it easier to feel the testicles.
2. Examine one testicle at a time. Gently roll it between your fingers, feeling for any lumps, bumps, or changes in size or firmness.
3. Repeat on the other side.
4. Look for any other changes. This could include swelling, pain, or tenderness.

If you notice anything unusual, see a doctor right away.

Remember:

• Testicular cancer is treatable, especially when caught early.
• Regular self-exams are an important way to detect testicular cancer early.
• Don't hesitate to see a doctor if you have any concerns.

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